Relative frequency of toxocariasis in preschoolers hospitalized in the Central Hospital of Maracay, Aragua state, Venezuela

Abstract

Backgriound: Toxocariasis is a zoonosis, mainly caused by Toxocara canis and Toxocara cati, whose definitive hosts are the dog and the cat, respectively. Clinically, several forms of toxocariasis are described. The diagnosis is complicated, the identification of the parasite in humans cannot be done due to the incomplete cycle, and the demonstration of specific antibodies is the most reliable method. In Venezuela, prevalence data are very scarce. Aim: To establish the diagnosis of toxocariasis and its relationship with risk factors in preschool children hospitalized at the Central Hospital of Maracay, Venezuela. Methodology: The ELISA technique was used to determine IgG antibodies against excretion/secretion antigens of Toxocara spp. The representatives completed a questionnaire and the children underwent a leukocyte and eosinophil counts, as well as a clinical evaluation by pediatricians. Results: 52% of the children presented anti-Toxocara spp antibodies. showing wide distribution in the state. The most frequent clinical manifestations were: fever (50%), cough (50%) and paleness (47.4%), among the associated risk factors was consumption of running water and contact with dogs during visits to recreational areas. Conclusion: The findings show a high frequency of toxocariasis in the Aragua state of Venezuela, socioeconomic condition and contact with dogs play an important role in the presence of toxocariasis.