Screening for Toxoplasma gondii in pregnant women. Is a national strategy necessary?

Abstract

Background: Toxoplasmosis is one of the most prevalent parasitic zoonoses worldwide. It is linked to increased perinatal morbidity and mortality. Various diagnostic tests, including serological and molecular methods, assist in identifying primary infections. Globally, it is estimated that there are about 1-2 cases per 1000 live births. For Chile in 2023, this translates to an estimated 172 to 344 cases, most of which are likely underdiagnosed. Aim: To assess the published usefulness of a screening strategy and its feasibility for pregnant women in Chile. Method: A literature review was conducted, analyzing scientific studies on prevalence, screening, and cost-effectiveness. Results: The review concluded that prenatal screening has the potential to significantly improve perinatal health outcomes, with favorable long-term economic evaluations. It is discussed this strategy implementation for Chile. Conclusion: Therefore, its adoption, enabling early treatment, could be a crucial step in reducing the burden of congenital toxoplasmosis in Chile.