Prevalence of enteroparasite in the Biobio Region and its association to socioeconomics factors

Abstract

Background: The current prevalence of enteroparasitic infections (EPI) in the Biobío Region, Chile, and their relationship with socioeconomic factors has not been documented. Aim: To assess the prevalence of EPI among Biobío residents and its association with socioeconomic factors. Methods: Results from serial parasitological stool exams (SPSE) conducted between 2018 and 2022 in the Biobío Region were obtained from health services. Prevalence rates were analyzed by commune, age, and sex, correlating them with socioeconomic data from government sources. Results: 6,193 out of 23,630 SPSE were positive. Monoinfection was recorded in 81.8% of all infected patients; 98.2% were infected by protozoa, with Blastocystis hominis being prevalent (67.7%). Among the helminths (1.8% of the total number of infected patients), Dibothriocephalus/Adenocephalus spp. (42%) was the most frequent. The commune with the highest number of EPI was Los Angeles (2,124 diagnosed cases). There was a predominance of EPI in women. Patients aged 6 to 10 years and 50 to 59 years presented the highest prevalence. Finally, there was a positive correlation between education level and prevalence rates. Conclusion: EPI remains a significant public health concern in Biobío, heavily influenced by socioeconomic factors. Providing health education and enhanced sanitation interventions can help mitigate the parasite burden in vulnerable communities.